Phrase

A phrase is a unit of grammar. We build clauses and sentences out of phrases. A phrase may consist of one word or more than one word.

There are five kinds of phrase in English.
(1) A noun phrase generally has a noun (or pronoun) as its main word.
(2) A verb phrase generally has a main verb as its main word.
(3) A prepositional phrase has a preposition as its first word.
(4) An adjective phrase has an adjective as its main word.
(5) An adverb phrase has an adverb as its main word.

It is useful to call the main word (which normally has to be there) the head-word, and the words which can be added to it modifiers. Modifiers give more information about a headword. [See Modifier and Head-word for more details]
Let's see some examples of the structure of phrase types in the tables below.

Noun phrases

determiner(s)	modifier(s)	head-word	modifier(s)
all the	nice warm	days	we had last summer
Sam's	-	wedding	-
-	expensive	clothes	-
that	-	boy	with the long hair
my	favorite TV	programme	-
-	-	milk	in bottles
-	-	John	-
-	-	him	-

Verb phrases

Subject	verb phrase
	auxiliary/auxiliaries	main verb
The door		opened
The door	was	opened
The door	has been	opened
The door	must have been	opened

Prepositional phrases

main clause	prepositional phrase
	preposition	noun phrase
I called her	on	the telephone
I called her	at	six o'clock
I called her	from	a town in northern France
I called her	for	dinner

Adjective phrases

	adjective phrase
	modifier(s)	adjective	modifier(s)
It is		sad
It is		full	of holes
It is	almost	impossible
It is	too	easy
It is	much	colder	than last winter

Adverb phrases

	adverb phrase
	modifier(s)	adverb	modifier(s)
Sam comes here		regularly
Sam comes here	quite	often
Sam comes here	much	later
Sam comes here	less	willingly	than he used to
Sam comes here	as	quickly	as possible

I hope this article helps. If you have any question, please leave a comment below.