Of
What is "of"? Of is the most common preposition in English. It usually makes a link of meaning between two nouns or noun phrases. We will call the…
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Passive
The passive form of the verb phrase contains this pattern: be + past participle (V3) Ex: is used / was counted / can be done
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Never
Never is a negative word meaning "0 times" or "at no time". Ex: I'm terribly sorry. I'll never tell you (any) lie again.
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Money
1. Sums of money Notice the difference between the way we write sums of money, and the way we talk about them: Ex: "How much is that t-shirt?" &…
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Far
Far is either an an adjective or an adverb. [Comparative: further * ; Superlative: furthest *]. The adjective and the adverb have the same form. Far refers …
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Participle
This is the term we often use for two forms of the English verb: The - ing participle (or - ing form), for example: working , learning (sometimes ca…
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Suffixes
A suffix is a word's grammatical ending. If we recognize suffixes , it will help us with grammar and meaning. Many English words have no suffixes . Suffi…
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Group noun
A group noun describes a set or group of people, animals, or things. A group noun , like other nouns, can be singular or plural . Group nouns are also some…
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Participle clause
A participle clause is a subordinate clause in which the - ing participle or the past participle is the main word. Participle clauses are found particular…
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Infinitive clause
1. Kinds of infinitive clause There're two kinds of infinitive clause: (1) The to -infinitive clause, in which the verb follows to ( to + Verb) (…
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Finite
All forms of the verb except INFINITIVES and PARTICIPLES (-ing form and -ed form), are called finite verbs. Finite verbs can normally be changed from Present…
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Relative clause
A relative clause (sometimes it's called " adjective clause ") adds extra information about one of the nouns in the main clause . It goes immed…
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Several
Several means "a small number (of)", usually between 3 and 9. Several is similar to (A) FEW, but has more "positive" meaning. It is eithe…
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Sentence
A sentence is the major unit of grammar for written language. We begin a sentence with a capital letter and end it with a period or full-stop (.) or someti…
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Indirect object
1. Some verbs can be followed by two objects When we talk about indirect objects , we always think of the ditransitive verbs becuase they need two objects t…
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Indirect command
When we put an IMPERATIVE sentence into INDIRECT SPEECH, we usually use verbs like advise , ask , order , tell , followed by a TO-INFINITIVE CLAUSE. …
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People
People is the irregular plural form of person . Ex: Many people agree with me. Only one person disagrees with me. Note: There is also a regular plural o…
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Zero
Zero = "0". We use the term zero in grammar where some elements in a pattern is omitted. Ex: We can use either the zero article or unstressed …
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Vocative
Vocatives are the words we use to name or to refer to people when talking to them. They help us to be friendly or respectful : (a) Friendly and familiar …
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Verbless clause
A verbless clause is a clause with no verb Why do we call it a clause? (a) Because it has the meaning of a clause, and (b) Because it can have elements…
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Prepositional adverb
Many word forms which are prepositions are also adverbs. We call them prepositional adverbs . Most of them are adverbs of place. They are used to form PHRASAL…
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Lexis lexical
Lexis means the use of vocabulary, or the choice of words, in a language or a text. Lexis is often contrasted with grammar , but in practice these two areas…
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Letters of the alphabet
1. How to pronounce their names capital letter small letter pronunciation A a /eɪ/ B b /biː/ …
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Verb patterns
The MAIN VERB of a CLAUSE can be followed by various elements which complete its meaning. These elements form verb patterns . [For similar patterns following …
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